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- GraalVM for JDK 23 (Latest)
- GraalVM for JDK 24 (Early Access)
- GraalVM for JDK 21
- GraalVM for JDK 17
- Archives
- Dev Build
- GraalJS
- Node.js Runtime
- Java Interoperability
- GraalJS Compatibility
- Using JavaScript Modules and Packages
- Multithreading
- Migration Guide from Nashorn to GraalJS
- Migration Guide from Rhino to GraalJS
- Differences Between Node.js and Java Embeddings
- Options
- Run GraalJS on a Stock JDK
- ScriptEngine Implementation
- FAQ
This documentation is for the unreleased GraalVM version.Download Early Access Builds from GitHub.
Migration Guide from Rhino to GraalJS
This document serves as a migration guide for code previously targeted to the Rhino engine. See the Java Interoperability guide for an overview of supported features.
Both Rhino and GraalJS support a similar set of syntax and semantics for Java interoperability. The most important differences relevant for migrations are listed here.
Java.type(typename) instead of java.a.b.c.typename #
GraalJS does not put available Java classes in the JavaScript scope.
You have to explicitly load the classes using Java.type(typename).
GraalJS supports the Packages global object, but loading the classes explicitly is still encouraged.
The following Java package globals are available in the Nashorn compatibility mode (js.nashorn-compat option): java, javafx, javax, com, org, edu.
Console Output of Java Classes and Java Objects #
GraalJS provides the print builtin function.
It tries to special-case its behavior on Java classes and Java objects to provide the most useful output.
Note that GraalJS also provides a console.log function.
This is an alias for print in pure JavaScript mode, but uses an implementation provided by Node.js when in Node mode.
The behavior around interop objects differs for console.log in Node mode as it does not implement special treatment for such objects.
JavaScript vs Java Strings #
GraalJS uses Java strings internally to represent JavaScript strings.
This makes it impossible to differentiate whether a specific string was created by JavaScript or by Java code.
In GraalJS, the JavaScript properties take precedence over Java fields or methods.
For instance, you can query the length property (of JavaScript) but you cannot call the length function (of Java) on JavaScript strings - length behaves like a data property, not like a function.
JavaImporter #
The JavaImporter feature is available only in the Nashorn compatibility mode (js.nashorn-compat).